Where are we going with quantum computing?
Demonstration of a quantum calculation, in the form of a coin toss, at the official inauguration of the MonarQ quantum computer. Photo: Calcul Québec (September 25, 2024)
Imagine being able to test all possible solutions to a problem in no time at all! That’s what quantum computing makes possible. But what does it mean? How does it work? Will it replace current methods? Before you throw away your personal computer, we’ll explain.
What is quantum computing?
Quantum computing is a way of finding the solution to a problem, based on quantum rules. These rules are special in that they allow several operations to be performed on a large data set at the same time.
Let’s take the example of a large labyrinth… In classical calculus, we evaluate each path – one by one – to find the way out.
But in quantum computation, it’s different. We test all possible paths, at the same time. This allows us to find the ideal solution very quickly.
How does quantum computing work?
To perform quantum computation, or quantum computing, you need a quantum computer. This type of computer takes up an entire room on its own.
The reason a quantum computer is so big is that it works with special components:
➡ In particular, it must contain some kind of powerful refrigerator to make calculations possible.
➡ Devices that emit microwaves or lasers are present too to control the processor.
➡ Not to mention the many cables used to control a quantum computer.
Is this the end of the classic computer?
Not at all! Cars didn’t make bicycles disappear. In the same way, quantum computers are not going to replace conventional computers.
In fact, both meet different needs:
➡ A classical computer is useful for bringing results that are both accurate and predictable.
➡ A quantum computer is used instead to determine the outcome that is most likely to occur, among several options.
A quantum computer comes in handy in meteorology, chemistry or cryptography in particular. Because, in these fields, multiple variables are at stake. On the other hand, it’s no good for listening to your favorite TV series!
Can we combine classical and quantum computing?
Yes, you can combine the two. This is known as hybrid computing. This technique allows you to take advantage of each type of calculation.
For example, to find the ideal route for several buses:
➡ Conventional calculations take care of schedules and stops.
➡ Then, a quantum computation determines the path of each bus by exploring all possible routes.
A quantum calculation could also take into account changing information, such as road or weather conditions.
Resources on MonarQ :
- To discover the report on MonarQ broadcast on the series program Découverte aired on September 15, 2024, visit the Radio Canada website (in French)
- Read our article on the role of the MonarQ quantum computer in research and innovation
- To find out more about the technical specifications of MonarQ, visit the Digital Research Alliance of Canada wiki
- To find out more about the making of MonarQ, see the video of its assembly on Youtube or visit the Anyon Systems Inc. website
Calcul Québec is a non-profit organization specializing in advanced computing. Its main purpose is to serve the research and innovation community, giving it access to quality infrastructures and the skills needed to use them.
* This text was reviewed by Denise Koch, Quantum Computing Analyst at Calcul Québec.
